Theory of Magic

 Charms magic can be used to move objects in various ways.

Locomotion Magic
The basic spell for moving an object is Locomotor, which comes from two Latin words meaning roughly "move from its place." First years learn to move objects by magic; the practical part of Flitwick's exam, during Harry Potter's time, for the first years consisted of their being able to make a pineapple dance across a desk. The Locomotion spell words are often said with a target. For example, when Flitwick transported Trelawney's belongings back up to her rooms, he said "Locomotor trunks!", then directed them up the staircase with his wand. Another spell word used to move things is Mobili. This is also from Latin, and means active or moveable. This spell word is frequently combined with other Latin words to create incantations like Mobilicorpus (to move a body) or Mobiliarbus( to move a tree). The effect of this spell is very similar to the Locomotion spell.

Flying

It is not possible for people to make themselves fly, unaided by magic. Unless a wizard is an Animagus who transforms into a flying animal,  he or she must enchant some other object to fly and then ride along. There are a number of ways for this to happen. The basic form of flying is Levitation, for which the spell words are Wingardium Leviosa. The word Leviosa comes from Latin and means "to levitate," but wingardium is not Latin, since that language does not use the letter W.. Possibly the Wingardium comes from the English word "wing," which has obvious connections to the idea of flying. It is also possible that since first years start their Levitation training using feathers, the Wingardium is a Latinized version of an object or target word. Another version of Levitation is the Hover Charm, which has an effect very similar to the Levitation spell. It is possible that 'Hover Charm' is another name for it. More advanced forms of flying enchantments are used to make broomsticks, carpets, motorcycles, and even Ford Anglia automobiles fly. The spell words for this are not given, but these spells are very common, especially the broomstick variety.

Summoning

A more advanced form of movement is Summoning. When a wizard or witch Summons an object, it comes flying through the air, to the caster. It will even break through barriers or break chains in order to obey the summons, although this may depend on the power of the spell caster. The incantation for this is Accio, which comes from the Latin word for "summon." While the original Latin pronunciation of this word would be "AK-see-oh," most people pronouce the incantation as "AS-ee-oh." Either way, the spell word can be combined with a target word or can be used alone with intention filling in the required information.The opposite of Summoning is Banishment. When an object is Banished, it flies away from the spell caster. The spell words for this are not given.

Other Movement Spells

A number of other spells move things around, often in very specialized ways. An example of this type of specialty spell is the "pack" spell, that Tonks used to put Harry's belongings in his trunk. She mentions that her mother's version of the spell actually matched up the socks, but hers wasn't that clever. The Disarming Charm is designed specifically to remove a person's weapon, which often means that the person's wand goes flying. The spell word for this charm is Expelliarmus, which comes from two Latin words meaning "to expel a weapon." The Hurling Hex can make brooms try to buck or throw their riders. The Reparo spell, which can be used to repair almost anything, physically moves the broken pieces back together again. Finally, Hagrid used a spell of some kind to propel the rowboat through the water back to the mainland, when he rescued Harry from the Hut-on-the-Rock. Perhaps he uses that same spell on the fleet of little boats he takes the first years across the lake in. Some curses force a person to move. Tarantallegra makes the victim dance...while the Tickling Charm, spell word Rictusempra, forces them to laugh. The Jelly-Legs Jinx makes a person's legs wiggle uncontrollably.

Spells That Inhibit Movement

While the Banishment Charm has an opposite effect from the Summoning Charm, both make an object move. Some spells, however, inhibit or prevent movement. The Breaking Charm, employed on some racing broomsticks, slows the movement of the broom. A person can be affected by spells that bind the legs together (the Leg Locker Curse, spell words Locomotor Mortis) or freeze the entire body (the Full Body Bind, spell words Petrificus Totalus. A Freezing Charm was once used by the famous Hermione Granger to stop a couple of Pixies in their tracks after Professor Gilderoy Lockhart released a bunch of them in class. And the Impediment Jinx, spell word Impedimenta, can block someone or something from moving toward the caster. The Trip Jinx doesn't stop movement, so much as interfere with it. A person affected trips and falls, sometimes quite spectacularly.

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Vanishing Magic

Various types of spells and items make things vanish, but in different ways.

Vanishing

The basic form of Vanishing is the Vanishing Spell. Taught in fifth year Transfiguration, this spell is usually cast using the incantation Evanesco, which is Latin for "vanish." McGonagall starts students out with Vanishing invertebrates-- snails--and then works them up to mice because they're more difficult. Interestingly, a mouse made to Vanish incompletely will then exist simply as a wriggling tail. This suggests a connection to the concept of Splinching, where a person who incorrectly Apparates leaves some body parts behind. This problem, though serious, is not fatal, so the body parts are presumably still connected in some way to the Splinched person. In this way, the rest of the mouse is happily existing in some other location, and the tail, while separated by distance, is still linked to the rest of the animal. It is quite evident, then, that anything Vanished does not cease to exist. The potions both Snape and Hermione made Vanish must have ended up in a drain or other disposal location then. The maps and charts that were Vanished in the kitchen of Grimmauld Place also must have moved to a cupboard or other storage place. The Evanesco spell apparently doesn't need an object word (you don't have to say "Evanesco Potion," for example). The intent of the caster provides the needed focus on a particular object.

Many forms of Wizarding transportation may be built around the Vanishing Spell. The Portkey, for example, is a form of carefully controlled Vanishing. Using Floo powder may also involve the Evanesco spell effect. Some magical creatures have natural Vanishing ability. The Diricawl is an excellent example of this. The Phoenix can also disappear from one location and reappear in another. House-elves have the ability to Vanish at will. This is not Apparating, although it resembles it; it is a natural ability of the elf.

Invisibility

This spell effect is different in that the Invisible person or object is still very much present, just impossible for most beings to see. The Invisibility Cloak is an example of this effect. Invisible Ink is also still on the paper, just impossible to see. Invisibility, rather than Vanishing, is the spell Fred and George put on their Headless Hats.

Another form of Invisibility is the Disillusionment Charm. This spell doesn't actually make a person invisible, but it makes them extremely difficult to see by making them blend in with whatever they're standing in front of. Dumbledore told Harry that he doesn't need a Cloak to become Invisible, which could indicate that he is capable of casting an Invisibility Spell on himself. This must be rare, since no one else does it.

Some magical creatures have the ability to make themselves invisible. The hair, hides, or other parts of these animals are used for various Wizarding forms of Invisibilty. Examples of these animals include the Tebo, the Phoenix (whose ability is more closely related to Vanishing), and the Demiguise.

Ways to Un-Vanish Something

The Revealer is an eraser-like device, which makes invisible ink appear. Moody's magical eye could see through Invisibility Cloaks. It would seem that Voldemort in the form of a snake could as well, since Harry could see Arthur before the "cloak fell away" when he was seeing through the snake's eyes. Anyone placed in a Vanishing Cabinet reappears after a while, although this can be a matter of several days.